This peculiar linking-togethe...

This peculiar linking-together of opposites-knowledge with ignorance, cynicism with fanaticism-is one of the chief distinguishing marks of Oceanic society. - P178

But there is one question which until this moment we have almost ignored. It is: why should human equality be averted? - P178

He understood how; he did not understand why. - P179

Where there is equality there can be sanity. Sooner or later it would happen: strength would change into consciousness. - P181

Even in his terror it was as though he could feel the pain in his own body, the deadly pain which nevertheless was less urgent than the struggle to get backher breath. - P184

He hardly thought of Julia. He could not fix his mind on her. He loved her and would not betray her; but that was only a fact, known as he knew the rules of arithmetic. He felt no love for her, and he hardly even wondered what was happening to her. - P189

In this place, he knew instinctively, the lights would never be turned out. It was the place with no darkness: he saw now why O‘Brien had seemed to recognize the allusion. - P189

Of pain you could wish only one thing: that it should stop. Nothing in the world was so bad as physical pain. - P197

It was true that he had been the enemy of the Party, and in the eyes of the Party there was no distinction between the thought and the deed. - P200

He was not sure whether it was O‘Brien‘s voice;but it was the same voice that had said to him, "We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness," in that other dream, seven years ago. - P201

‘Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past,"" repeated Winston obediently. - P204

Only the disciplined mind can see reality, Winston.
You believe that reality is something objective, external,
existing in its own right You also believe that the nature of reality is self-evident. When you delude yourself into thinking that you see something, you assume that everyone else sees the same thing as you. But I tell you, Winston, that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind, and nowhere else. Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in any case soon perishes; only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and immortal. Whatever the Party holds to be truth is truth. It is impossible to see reality except by looking through the eyes of the Party. - P205

Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling. Everything will be dead inside you. Never again will you be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity. You will be hollow. - P211

Big Brother is the embodiment of the Party. - P214

"There are three stages in your reintegration," said O‘Brien. "There is learning, there is understanding, and there is acceptance. It is time for you to enter upon the second stage. - P215

Power is not a means; it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power. - P217

The first thing you must realize is that power is collective. - P218

The second thing for you to realize is that power is power over human beings. - P218

Nothing exists except through human consciousness. - P218

Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing. - P220

The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love and justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. - P220

In the old days he had hidden a heretical mind beneath an appearance of conformity. Now he had retreated a step further: in the mind he had surrendered, but he had hoped to keep the inner heart inviolate. - P231

To die hating them, that was freedom. - P231

Everyone knows it. The thing that is in Room 101 is the worst thing in the world. - P233

"In your case," said O‘Brien, "the worst thing in the world happens to be rats.‘ - P233

It is merely an instinct which cannot be disobeyed. It is the same with the rats. For you, they are unendurable. They are a form of pressure that you cannot withstand, even if you wish to. You will do what is required of you. - P234

The cage was nearer; it was closing in. Winston heard a succession of shrill cries which appeared to be occurring in the air above his head. But he fought furiously agains this panic. To think, to think, even with a split second left-to think was the only hope. Suddenly the foul musty odor of the brutes struck his nostrils. There was a violent convulsion of nausea inside him, and he almost lost con-sciousness. Everything had gone black. For an instant he was insane, a screaming animal. Yet he came out of the blackness clutching an idea. There was one and only one way to save himself. He must interpose another human being, the body of another human being, between himself and the rats. - P235

The mask was closing on his face. The wire brushed his cheek. And then-no, it was not relief, only hope, a tiny fragment of hope. Too late, perhaps too late. But he had suddenly understood that in the whole world there was just one person to whom he could transfer his punishment-one body that he could thrust between himself and the rats.
And he was shouting frantically, over and over:
"Do it to Julia! Do it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don‘t care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the bones. Not me! Julia! Not me!" - P236

"I betrayed you," she said baldly.
"I betrayed you," he said.
She gave him another quick look of dislike.
"Sometimes," she said, "they threaten you with some-thing-something you can‘t stand up to, can‘t even think about. And then you say, ‘Don‘t do it to me, do it to some-body else, do it to so-and-so.‘ And perhaps you might pre-tend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you just said it to make them stop and didn‘t really mean it. But that isn‘t true. At the time when it happens you do mean it.
You think there‘s no other way of saving yourself and you‘re quite ready to save yourself that way. You want it to happen to the other person. You don‘t give a damn what they suffer. All you care about is yourself."
"All you care about is yourself," he echoed.
"And after that, you don‘t feel the same toward the other person any longer."
"No," he said, "you don‘t feel the same." - P240

It was his life, his death, and his resurrection. - P241

He gazed up at the enormous face. Forty years it had taken him to learn what kind of smile was hidden beneath the dark mustache. O cruel, needless misunderstanding! O stubborn, self-willed exile from the loving breast! Two gin-scented tears trickled down the sides of his nose. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. - P245

[오늘의 한문장] 1984: A Novel (Commemorative Edition)

Who controls the past controls the future; who con-trols the present controls the past,‘" repeated Winstonobediently.
"Who controls the present controls the past,"" said

He had understood it all, wei...

He had understood it all, weighed it all, and it made no difference: all was justified by the ultimate purpose. - P331

The key word here is blackwhite. Like so many Newspeak words, this word has two mutually contradictory meanings. Applied to an opponent, it means the habit of impudently claiming that black is white, in contradiction of the plain facts. - P175

in Newspeak as doublethink.
The alteration of the past is necessary for two reasons,
one of which is subsidiary and, so to speak, precautionary. - P175

In Oldspeak it is called, quite frankly, "reality control." In Newspeak it is called doublethink, although doublethink comprises much else as well.
Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one‘s mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. - P176

This peculiar linking-together of opposites-knowledge with ignorance, cynicism with fanaticism-is one of the chief distinguishing marks of Oceanic society. - P178

But there is one question which until this moment we have almost ignored. It is: why should human equality be averted? - P178

He understood how; he did not understand why. - P179

"Sanity is not statistical," - P179

Where there is equality there can be sanity. Sooner or later it would happen: strength would change into consciousness. - P181

In this place, he knew instinctively, the lights would never be turned out. It was the place with no darkness. - P189

Of pain you could wish only one thing: that it should stop. Nothing in the world was so bad as physical pain. - P197

과학은 결국 사람이 만든다. 이런 자명한 사실은 잊어...

과학은 결국 사람이 만든다. 이런 자명한 사실은 잊어버리기 쉽다. 이런 사실을 기억한다면 두 문화, 즉 정신과학—예술적 문화와 기술—과 자연과학 사이의 간극을 약간이나마 줄일 수 있지 않을까? 이 책은 지난 50년간 내가 경험했던 원자물리학 이야기다. 자연과학은 실험을 토대로 한다. 자연과학자들은 실험이 갖는 의미에 대해 서로 논의하며, 대화를 통해 결과를 도출해 낸다. 자연과학자들이 나눈 대화가 바로 이 책의 주된 내용이다. 이 책을 통해 과학이 대화 속에서 탄생한다는 것을 여실히 알 수 있을 것이다.

-알라딘 eBook <부분과 전체> (베르너 하이젠베르크 지음, 유영미 옮김, 김재영 감수) 중에서 - P8

과학은 생각을 통해서 이루어지지. 하지만 생각은 사물에 있는 게 아니야. 우리는 사물을 직접적으로 지각하지 못해. 우리는 지각 대상을 우선 표상으로 변화시키고, 그로부터 개념들을 만들어내. 감각적 지각에서 외부로부터 우리에게 밀려들어오는 것은 무질서하게 섞인 다양한 인상들이야. 그런 다음 우리가 지각하는 형태나 특성은 인상 속에 직접적으로 들어 있는 게 아냐. 가령 종이 위에 그려진 사각형을 본다고 해봐. 그럴 때 우리 눈의 망막이나 두뇌의 신경 세포에도 그런 사각형이 있는 건 아닐 거야. 오히려 우리는 표상을 통해 감각적 인상을 무의식적으로 정리를 하는 거지. 전체의 인상을 표상, 즉 서로 연관된 ‘의미 있는’ 상像으로 바꾸는 거야.

-알라딘 eBook <부분과 전체> (베르너 하이젠베르크 지음, 유영미 옮김, 김재영 감수) 중에서 - P18

나는 『티마이오스』 대화편에 빠져 들어갔고, 물질의 최소 단위를 논한 부분에 이르렀다. 그 부분이 나를 사로잡은 것은 그 부분의 그리스어가 어려워서였거나, 아니면 내가 늘 관심 있어 하던 수학적인 내용을 다루고 있었기 때문이었을 것이다.

-알라딘 eBook <부분과 전체> (베르너 하이젠베르크 지음, 유영미 옮김, 김재영 감수) 중에서 - P26

생각해 보니 질서들이 부분적 질서일 때, 즉 중심 질서로부터 떨어져 나온 파편들일 때 그런 일이 일어나는 것 같았다. 그런 부분적 질서는 형상화하는 힘은 여전히 잃지 않았지만, 중심, 즉 지향점을 잃어버린 것이다.

-알라딘 eBook <부분과 전체> (베르너 하이젠베르크 지음, 유영미 옮김, 김재영 감수) 중에서 - P31

현대의 자연과학이 원자의 형태에 대해 논하지만 형태라는 말은 여기서 가장 일반적인 의미로만 이해될 수 있을 것이었다. 즉 공간과 시간 속의 구조로서, 힘과 대칭을 이루는 것으로서, 다른 원자들과의 결합 가능성으로서 말이다. 이런 구조는 결코 구체적으로 묘사할 수 없는데, 무엇보다 그런 구조가 객관적 사물의 세계에 속하지 않기 때문이다. 하지만 수학적 고찰은 가능할 것으로 보였다.

-알라딘 eBook <부분과 전체> (베르너 하이젠베르크 지음, 유영미 옮김, 김재영 감수) 중에서 - P34

Winston was gelatinous with f...

Winston was gelatinous with fatigue. Gelatinous was the right word. It had come into his head spontaneously.
His body seemed to have not only the weakness of a jelly,
but its translucency. He felt that if he held up his hand he
would be able to see the light through it. All the blood and lymph had been drained out of him by an enormous de-bauch of work, leaving only a frail structure of nerves,
bones, and skin. All sensations seemed to be magnified.
His overalls fretted his shoulders, the pavement tickled his feet, even the opening and closing of a hand was an effort that made his joints creak. - P148

The aims of these three groups are entirely irreconcilable.... - P152

A peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war. This-although the vast majority of Party members understand it only in a shallower sense is the inner meaning of the Party slogan: WAR IS PEACE. - P164

The aims of these three groups are entirely irreconcilable. The aim of the High is to remain where they are.
The aim of the Middle is to change places with the High.
The aim of the Low, when they have an aim-for it is an abiding characteristic of the Low that they are too much crushed by drudgery to be more than intermittently con-scious of anything outside their daily lives is to abolish all distinctions and create a society in which all men shall be equal. - P166

The Middle, so long as it was struggling for power, had always made use of such terms as freedom, justice, and fraternity. - P167

Socialism, a theory which appeared in the early nineteenth century and was the last link in a chain of thought stretching back to the slave rebellions of antiquity, was still deeply infected bythe Utopianism of past ages. But in each variant of Socialism that appeared from about 1900 onwards the aim of establishing liberty and equality was more and more openly abandoned. - P167

If he is a person naturally orthodox (inNewspeak, a goodthinker), he will in all circumstances know, without taking thought, what is the true belief or the desirable emotion. But in any case an elaborate mental training, undergone in childhood and grouping itself round the Newspeak words crimestop, blackwhite, and doublethink, makes him unwilling and unable to think too deeply on any subject whatever. - P174